Muslim Youth and Women in the West: Source of Concern or Source of Hope?

Notes to Appendixes I—III

1. See Appendix VI of this report.

3. Niqab: a face veil covering the lower part of the face (up to the eyes) worn by observant Muslim women.

4. See Kevin Sullivan and Joshua Partlow, “Young Muslim Rage Takes Root in Britain,” Washington Post, August 13, 2006; Laurent Bonelli, “The Control of the Enemy Within? Police Intelligence in the French Suburbs and Its Relevance for Globalization,” in Didier Bigo and Elspeth Guild, eds., Controlling Frontiers (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2005), pp. 103-205; Robert S. Leiken, “Europe’s Angry Muslims,” Foreign Affairs, July–August 2005; “Minority Report: The Trouble with Integration,” Economist, October 26, 2006.

5. See Jytte Klausen, The Islamic Challenge: Politics and Religion in Western Europe (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 45–47. Also, see Oliver Roy, “Euro–Muslims in Context,” NYU Review of Law and Security, Summer 2005, p. 20.

6. See ICM/Telegraph Poll: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/.

7. See http://www.communities.gov.uk/.

8. See Shane Harris, “Successes: Assimilation Our Weapon Against Homegrown Terrorism,” National Journal, January, 20, 2007.

9. See Outstanding American by Choice Awards: http://www.uscis.gov/.

10. Zamzam is the name of the well that provides the water to billions of people, especially during the Hajj pilgrimage because the Zamzam well is located in Makkah, which is the heart of the Hajj pilgrimage.

11. See Session II — Panel 2: A Vision for the Future for distribution curve.

12. Ibid.

13. See Haroon Siddiqui, “A Mountain of Made—in—America Post-9/11 Disasters,” Toronto Star, July 29, 2007; “Spy Agencies Say Iraq War Hurting U.S. Terror Fight,” Washington Post, September 24, 2006; and http://www.dni.gov.

14. See http://www.spectator.co.uk/.

15. See http://www.ikstudiecenter.dk/.

16. For an account of the episode and its wider context, see the Economist, October 12, 2006: http://www.economist.com/world/britain/.

17. See Ehsan Masood, British Muslims: Media Guide (Counterpoint: 2006). Counterpoint is the British Council’s think tank on cultural relations: http://www.britishcouncil.org/.

18. See Shireen T. Hunter, ed., Islam, Europe’s Second Religion: The New Social, Cultural, and Political Landscape (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2002).